Urgent Need To Combat Climate Change

                                                                                                By Dr. N. D. Choudhari

THE United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was established in 1972 to aware the people in the world, regarding environment and related problems and to enhance political attention and public action. This event at Stockholm Conference on the issue of human environment was the land-mark event in growth of International Environmentalism," said John Mc'Cormick Day. WED was formed by the United General 100 countries in the world through the year and these celebrations to make awareness.

Various resolutions and pledges are taken by the PM and ministers of Environment on the World Environment Day 2009. All these dignitaries involved themselves with the commitment of facing of environment throughout the world. The pledges taken on the eve of WED formed the base of environmental management and economic planning. United Nations Environment Programme decides the place, slogan, objectives and celebration mode of World Environment Day every year. Likewise, various burning issues of environment problems are projected at word forum by UNEP for serious involvement and active participation of people to tackle is sues of environmental problems, various awards are also declared every year. The theme of WED 2009 focuses on the climate change. Climate change is caused by natural internal processes or external forces or by persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Due to explosion of population, industrialisation, heavy air, water soil pollution occurs, the air has got Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21% and 0.036% of Co² for nurturing life on our planet. Due to industrialisation and increase in number of vehicles causes increase in percentage of CO2, Nitrogen Oxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Chlorofluro Carbons (CFC) which is called as Green House Gases and thus, disturbs chemical composition of atmosphere. It results in air pollution.

About 30 per cent of incoming energy from the Sun is reflected back to space while the rest reaches the earth, warning the air, oceans and land and thus, maintain Earth's temperature of 15 degrees C. Energy from the Sun in the form of ultraviolet and infra red portions is absorbed by the land, seas, mountains etc. and the earth becomes hotter and hotter. The earth absorbs and simultaneously releases it in the form of infrared waves. But when percentage of CO2 and other Green Houses Gases increase tremendously and accumulates with water vapour in the upper atmosphere which insulates the earth and raises the atmosphere temperature and prevents loss of heat. Global surface temperature is increased to 0.74 deg. C + 0.18 C during past 100 years. When global temperature increases, polar ice melts down causing flood to rivers. As the ice melts, land or open water takes its place. Both land and open water are on average less reflective than ice and thus, absorb more solar radiation that is called Ice Albedo. This causes more warming which in turn, causes more melting and this cycle continues. Rapid Arctic shrinkage is already occurring. And rate of its shrinkage in last 30 years is 3 times faster. In 2035, river in the Himalayas will diminish. Due to soil erosion, dams constructed on this river will be filled with soil.

Ban Ki Moon UN Secretary General called for transition to a new era of greener, cleaner development. Your planet needs you is meant to inspire all of us to do our part. The earth faces the grave threat of climate change and poor people in developing countries will suffer more. Unitedly we must press governments to seal the deal for a new climate agreement when billion of people, join forces in common purposes and environment protection, we can make a tremendous difference.

National Green Corporation in 8884 schools in Maharashtra under social forestry development will celebrate World Environment Day 2009 by following means. Street rallies, green concerts, bicycle parades, essay and poster competition in schools, tree planting, recycling effort by using old papers of used notebooks, clean up campaigns in villages and cities. Farmers should plants on the blinds of agriculture under Employment Guarantee Schemes with 100 per cent subsidies all government and non-government and corporate and NGOs should undertake massive campaign to involve masses for afforestation in vacant places and degraded soils. Soil and moisture conservations work should he carried out in all villages along with afforestation. Pollution should be carried out. In rural area, use smokeless chullah or install bio gas plants. Provide smoke outlets and ventilation in the kitchen. Feed livestock in their sheds without let-ting them out for grazing. Stop cutting of trees and grazing by animal’s forest fire and mining and extraction of sand from river and over abstraction of ground water. Saw our gene pool in forest and biodiversity.

Our environment is the future of our world. So let m come forward and join hands to save our environment.

Mitigating root causes of diseases by Ecosystem Approach

           

                                                                                    Dr. N. D. Choudhari

Swine flu outbreak in 2009 has caused panic among people resulting in deaths in India. Swine flu is caused by Swine influenza virus (SIV), H1N1. The SIV strain includes influenza A - known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H2N3 and influenza C all over the world. In India, people are infected with H1 N1 virus but it is a different strain compared to the 1918 flu in North America and Mexico. This strain includes genes derived by re-assortment from that of humans and pigs.

These mutations in swine flu, bird flu, dengue, meningitis, cerebral malaria, TB, jaundice and diseases in animals, plants, are attributed to environmental pollution, climate change; global warming and loss of biodiversity. Global warming causes major atmospheric changes, species extinction and changes in disease vectors.

In 1930, swine flu in pigs was identified which was caused by H1N1 viruses. In 1997, H3N2 , strains emerged due to mutations which included genes derived by re-assortment from human, swine and avian viruses. Generally, virus transmission from pigs to humans is not common but if transmitted, it causes human influenza, called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs can be infected with swine flu. This virus is transmitted by contact and through air.

Common water pollutants have disease-causing agents (pathogens) including bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, protozoa etc, that enter water from domestic sewage and untreated human and animal wastes. Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faeclis cause CI-tract disorders. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals cause cancer and skin diseases. Chemicals also cause genetic mutations in human beings, in bacteria, viruses and parasites, fungi, insects etc. and develop new strains of disease pausing agents. Similarly, new strains of parasites are also developed by mutations with actions of chemicals and radiations. The excess chemicals in fertilizes pause eutrofication arid pesticide which results in bioaccumulation and bio-magnification. Pollutants in sewage are absorbed by plants which are then passed on to herbivores, carnivores and sequentially to humans which later on are stored in their body.

Sewage water from the urban area is thrown in river as untreated. Due to construction of dams, perennial rivers are dried up and untreated sewage water is stagnated in rivers and nullahs. Bacteria, viruses, insects, parasite, fungi and other disease-causing agent multiply rapidly in sewage water. Pollution is caused due to industrialization and over population - the world around. Moreover, due to globalization, viruses and bacteria developed in one part of world spreads rapidly to the other parts. The Chernobyl Disaster in Russia and Hiroshima and Nagasaki bomb attacks in Japan resulted in nuclear disasters with high emission radiation in the deaths of many people. Nuclear radiation causes mutations in plant and animal genes. Mutation can also affect the ovaries and testes causing mutated eggs and sperms leading to abnormal off springs of human beings, animals and plants. Diseases developed by mutations are carried to further generations. During biological warfare, countries develop disease causing materials containing bacteria and viruses to artificially spread the diseases. During the past years, terrorist developed Anthrax - a powder that spread diseases in the world. Similarly plague, small pox, tuberculosis and other viral, diseases can, spread artificially, under bio terrorism and biological warfare. The ozone layer in the upper-atmosphere absorbs the UV radiation and protects plants and animals from diseases. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) in refrigerators and aerosol sprays cause ozone hole, thus allowing harmful UV rays to penetrate the earth. It causes skin diseases and gene mutations.

To mitigate diseases, ecofriendly approach should be followed. Industrialized, developed rich countries should take responsibility to control pollution, as decided in Rio De Janeiro in 1992, Kyoto protocol and Major Economies Forum at Italy in 2009. Major Economies Forum decided rise in global temperature be capped at 2 degree above pre industrial level and cutting emissions to 85 per cent below to 1990 levels by 2050. US, Canada and China have highest pollution level due to industrialisation. Developed countries should provide finance and technologies to developing countries to control pollution and large scale afforestation for carbon sequestration. In industries, pollution-causing technologies should be replaced with non-pollution causing technologies and special anti-pollution machinery should be installed to remove emissions of poisonous gases in air and water.

Industries should be given target for afforestation in private waste land for carbon sink. In cities and villages there are fallow lands, water-logged area, which should be taken over compulsorily and planted with flowering trees, or developed into gardens. Sewage water from kitchens, bathrooms and toilets should be passed through different pipelines and recycled. Treated sewage water should be used in agriculture. Industries should recycle polluted water and use it again. Sewage water should not be thrown in rivers or rivulet without treatment. As the dams kill river, more preference should be given to tanks, ponds, crossbund in villages and cities. Thus, stagnation of sewage water in rivers or rivulet should avoided. Water stagnated area should be planted with water-bearing plants like lantana, Eucalyptus, White Cerus, Bamboo and others.

In Cyprus, every house has mini sewage water treatment plant. Rooftop rainwater should be harvested; Biotechnology technique should be used for developing microbial growth in sewage water to remove harmful bacteria and viruses from the sewage water. In villages, poor people cut trees for fuel which accounts for 80 percent, of illicit felling. Alternative to wood, cow dung gas, LPG, coal, solar energy should be provided to poor people.

Municipal solid waste of wet and dried type should be recycled, hospital waste should be burnt, and solid waste should be used for land filling. Organic farming should be carried out by using organic manure and bio-pesticides. Inorganic manure and pesticides should be used to the minimum to control pollution. Unnecessary excess medication should be avoided to tide over resistance developed by disease causing agents. As per Dr Lindhahr M D and Naturopathist in America, developing immunity by removing toxic materials from the body by adapting vegetarian diet with exercise, controls such diseases.

Micro climate of each village and city can be changed by massive afforestation, water conservation, sewage treatment and controlling pollution. It will surely combat global warming, climate change and control of many fatal diseases.

‘Agro forestry can check farmers’ suicide’

           

                                                                                    Dr. N. D. Choudhari

IN KATOL, Morshi and other talukas of Amravati and Jalgaon District, lakhs of hectres of Citrus plantation and Banana plantation are dying due to lack of water through irrigation and causing huge losses to farmers. Due to erratic rains, floods, drought, salinity of soil (like in Nasik area), increasing temperature, increasing resistance power of insect and also due to increasing input cost and decreasing output cost, farmers are facing huge losses.

All this factors, caused by global warming, climactic change and wrong agriculture practices has raised farmers' suicide. This was also mentioned at the workshop on 'Agriculture Planning', under the chairmanship of Principal Chief Secretary Agriculture Department, Maharashtra State, Mumbai, held recently.

Mishra, Senior Scientist, Indira Gandhi Open University, Mumbai, presented research paper on farmer suicide and attributed change in socio-economic condition, loss in sustainability in agriculture production, increase in input cost and decrease in output cost and other social factor responsible for farmers' suicide. In the workshop, I raised my point that the cost benefit ratio has changed in the negative direction due to global warming and climactic changes.

In this condition, agroforestry, soil and moisture conservation are the only solution for arresting suicides.

Principal Secretary Agriculture Department of M S, Mumbai, agreed to include agroforestry as main component in agriculture planning. I am a farmer’s son too and have been observing the change of scenario in agricultural sector since 1956. Previously farmers were relying more on organic farming and local seeds mostly suited to agrtoclimatic conditions prevailing in those period. With increasing urbanization, many families have shifted to cities leaving agriculture land to the mercy of labourers. Labourers also do not carry-out agriculture works so sincerely as done in past due to change in socio econotnic conditions.

In western Maharashtra, more number of dams are constructed as compared to Vidarbha region. So, the impact of erratic rains, low water levels and other negative climactic changes are more on the Vidarbha. But, more and more use inorganic chemical fertilizers has caused salinity of soil in western Maharashtra and making the soil unsuitable to agriculture.

Environment Act prohibits excess withdrawal of ground water, even for agriculture purposes and this is not followed. Tree Felling Act prohibits cutting of trees without permission. Moreover Land Revenue Act prohibits cutting of trees within 20 mtr side of nallah, agriculture bunds and others soil eroding areas. But farmers and others are cutting Acacia, Mango, Teak and other trees on large scale from sensitive areas for soil and moisture conservation. Felling of trees in forest, non forest areas, zupdi forest, community forest for fuel wood is carried out on large scale.

Even mining of soil and sand is carried out around the villages. All these negative activ-ities contribute towards change in microclimate and lowering of water table in the water shed area of the villages and cities, Environmentalist and scientist all over the world predicted fall in agriculture production due to global warming. In Ethopia, Nigeria and certain African countries agriculture production have decreased to the lowest level beyond recopue level and peoples are dying due to malnutrition.

Non-ecofriendly old technologies and machineries are exported to developing countries causing pollution. To combat the green house effect, climactic change, soil erosion, lowering water level and increasing resistance by insect, dedicated NGOs like Anna Borade in Aurangabad District, Anna I lajare in Ralegaon Sindhi, Dr Rajhans and Yadaorao Kapgate in Bhandara District, Narayan Bhonge in Nilaj have changed the microclimate of water-shed area of their villages by undertaking massscale plantations.

It helped to increase water level and change the microclimatie condition in their village. They carried out continuous contour trenches along slope of agriculture land and planting forestry species on contours and inter crop-ping of agriculture plants between trenches Moreover they carried bonds along the nallahs and water bodies. Such works should be undertaken by Government and NGOs also. Gobar-gas plants, solar energy, wind energy, biodiesel, vermicompost, compost should be used and farmers should move towards organic farming and agroforestry.

Kishore Bliagwantrao Rokde in Bhidi (Wardha district) planted Subabul since 1987 on 64 hectres of land by organic farming with technical guidance from social forestry and getting income of 87 tons of subabul woods in 12 hectors of rotation in each year and get-ting Rs. 38000/- per hectare per year. Organic farming maintenance cost is Rs 13500/- for 64 hectares of subsbul plantation and lie gets Rs 15 lakhs income from agroforesty per year. Similarly many others are benefited from organic farming.

So to change the microclimate of the village, carry out forestry plantation and soil and moisture conservation works simultaneously by all the villagers at a time by doing the work integrally. It will surely change the crop pat-tern, increase water levels, arrest soil erosion, increase fertility of soil and increase in agriculture production. By changing cost benefit of agriculture production ratio in positive direction income of the farmers will be increased and thus, will arrest suicide of farmers. 

Integrated water scarcity management by ecosystem approach

                                                                                                By Dr. N. D. Choudhari        

There is a huge hue and cry regarding water scarcity in the month of May every year. Even though rainfall in Vidarbha is 1100 mm, there is scarcity of  water, and the ecosystem is inextricably linked. Total rainfall in the year 2008 was normal but the number of rainy days were less. There was unusual rainfall due to climatic changes at an international level, so there is scarcity of water in the summer of 2009.

Prior to Independence, every village had tall tree revenue forests, E-class forest, Zudapi jungles, even community land (Gairan) which falls under forest category; originally was covered with grasses and plants by all villages. Reserve forests protected forests, private forests too, were with dense plant cover and humid soil. During rains, water fell directly on plants avoiding soil erosion. The cracks developed by plants absorbed water in the earth so as to recharge aquifers. These aquifers in the hills and plains gave out perennial water to nullahs and rivers throughout the year in the previous years. After independence, with change in administration and commencement of Democracy people started demanding their rights on forests and forgot their duties towards their conservation, as per duties enshrined in our Constitution.

If we observe the environment in the urban and rural areas minutely, there is a drastic change due to human and cattle population explosion, industrialization and greedy needs of the people. Most of the Zudapi forests, tall trees revenue forests, E-class forests, community land forests are worst affected by deforestation and mining and followed by protected forests and reserve forests.

The soil in the remaining forests became compact and degraded due to soil erosion and by cutting of trees, grazing of cattle, trampling of soil by cattle and forest fires. All humid soil which required thousands of years to form got washed away in rainy seasons. It resulted in less recharge of aquifer by natural process causing severe scarcity of ground water. Global warming and climate change piled up to the water scarcity problem. The Second World Water Forum in 2000 at Hagues pinpointed water as the central issue of the 21st century. Future world wars will be fought for water only. Already Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra are fighting over distribution of river water .among Border States. There is dispute among India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and many other countries for distribution of river water. The UN General Assembly has declared 2005 to 2015 as the UN International Decade for action water for life and recommended to states to increase awareness among people for conservation of water.

Ecosystems of the world regulate quality and quantity of water that is made available to public. Natural and semi natural ecosystems which play a crucial role in scarcity of water are often neglected in economic planning and policy formulation and decision-making at all levels. Ecosystems provide regulatory control in ecological. lie-related process such as, climate, water, suply, soils, waste water treatment, biological control of insecticides and other pollutants.

Forest area in watershed of Pench National Park in Totladoh Dam, Borivali National Park & Tarsa Sanctuary for Tarsa Dam in Mumbai, Tadoba National Park for Erai Dam, Navegaon National Park in Navegaon Dam and Gothangaon Dam act as lungs to provide oxygen and control soil erosion in their respective watershed area of dam and river basin, causing quality and quantity of water stored in dam and tanks. In case of .So,negaen Lake, Shukrawari Lake, watershed area is encroached by people who have created concrete jungles and destroied ecosystem of these lakes. Ecosystemss, o work for habitat of wild animals and plants, maintain biodiversity and the food chain. With loss and damaged ecosystems, 3,500 plant and wild animal species are threatened and more than 20 million hectares of forest is lost all over the world. Human activity affects ecosystems which in turn, affects the livelihood of people. The scarcity of water and drought is caused by variability in natural climate and anthropogenic factors relating to economic, social and environment. Natural climate variability includes meteorological drought, agriculture draught and hydro-logical drought or scarcity of water which affects socio-economic effects on the population.

Meteorological drought includes amount, intensity and timing of rainfall, high temperature, reduced recharge of water, increased evaporation. Agriculture drought includes overabstration of water by farmers and other segment including industries. Over exploitation of water even by agriculturist is prohibited by Environment Act and Water Protection Act. But it is not strictly Implemented; Even stringent enactment should be passed to overabstraction of water and pollution of water. Hydrological drought and scarcity includes reduced stream flow of water in river basin, in flow to dams, lakes and tanks and ponds. Afforestation in watershed area in major dams, lakes and ponds should be implemented strictly so as to avoid soil erosion and filling of darns, with soil and lessening life and capacity of dams and lakes.

Farming in watershed area of dams should be strictly banned. Over exploitation of sand and river should be stopped Overexploitation of ground water will affect quantity and flow of water in aquifer causing severe scarcity of water, leading to drought and finally a condition like that of Rajasthan. Due to alarming situations, UNICEF and World Bank have funded the project to GSDA for water supply and sanitation project and capacity building by improved modelling techniques and National Hydrology Project. Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Integrated Wasteland Development Project (IWDP), Integrated Watershed Development Programme, Vidharbha and Marathwada Watershed Development Programme. Jalswaraj Programme is implemented with assistance of Agriculture Department Social Forestry Department, Forest Department to carry out soil and moisture and afforestation programme from top to bottom of watershed area. It is essential to carry out these tasks in forest areas and then to agricultural area and not vice versa because it leads to filling of soil conserve don structures with eroded soil from upper tract.

To achieve this objective training capacity, building awareness regarding water scarcity, environment balance, soil and Moisture conservation and afforestation should by carried out everywhere. To save oneself from the water scarcity and loss of biodiversity, all government and NGOs and people should come forward to implement  Integrated Water Scarcity Management Plan by due recognition. To mitigate the water scarcity problems, following steps can be undertaken by various agencies.

·                      Farmers should follow advanced Israel techniques of irrigation by using loggers, special sprinkles, etc using meteorological, hydrological data for balance water application in fields. Using plastic sheet to coyer canals and fields to stop evaporation Using green house technology.

·                      Follow strictly not to overexploit ground water and recharge wells and aquifers by using appropriate technology Stop growing crops like sugarcane, grapes. banana plantation in water scarcity are Plant trees on Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) at 10 minutes' interval and grow intercrops in between two CCT.  Farmers should adopt organic farming rather than inorganic farming and use seeds adaptable to local environment.

·                      Gram Panchayat and other Government Department Municipalities should undertake training programmes for conservation of water and get public participation to control pollution.

·                      As in Cyprus encourage people to install recycling of grey and polluted water in household plants, hotels, institutions and industries and provide subsides for the same. Another alternative is TO separately collect grey water and treating at recycle plants.

·                      As in Rajasthan, make compulsory rain harvesting and aquifer recharge by developing recharge pit for every building. Plantation of trees around the house should be made compulsory so as to save water for coolers and ACs.

·                      Industries should reuse water. Avoid using potable water and use grey water for industrial processes. More applied research on resource conserving methods and eco-friendly production process, should be carried out. Use non-conventional energy. Let us come forward and join hands to save ecosystem, biodiversity and save water for our generations to come.

Out of total area 3,08,000 km of Maharashtra, 65 percent Is under cultivation.. 23 percent of cultivated area is under irrigation of which more than 50 per cent is based on ground water table 4s, per the Second Water and Irrigation Commission in Maharashtra, net irrigated area 2.6 M.ha in 1991 will be Increased to 5 M.ha. In 2030 and water requirement of 35,000 in. cu.m.. In 2030, domestic urban requirement of water 4236 MCM, domestic rural 1943 MCM, industrial 3461.MCM is projected. 82 per cent area Maharashtra is occupied by Deccan trap basalt.

Man Animal Conflict On The Rise

                                                                 

 Man wildlife conflict is on the rise  In  chandrapur district man animal has alredy been increased since 2oo5. It has heightened in 2010-2011 to 21 human deaths in chandrapur district. Now it is turn of bhandara gondia belt. . In Bhandara one shepherd from Chandori in Bhandara district was killed and eaten on 17-02-2012 on the bank of Chandori Tank. Similarly one fuel wood collector was killed in Ghanod village in sakoli taluka of district Bhandara district. on 14-01-2012 by bear. In Chandrapur village of Bhandra district 1 bear was poached for genital parts on 14-04-2010 where as two blue bulls were poached in lakhani Taluka in Bhandara district by people..Five iron tiger traps were laid by poachers from katni in the FDCM Bhandara forest area which were recovered on 05-05-2007. Katni poachers are very cruel in tiger poaching. After traping tigers in iron trap they insert pointed bamboo through mouth and take it out from behind to kill it.

  In Chandrapur district at Zaran Tiger was electrocuted on 23-01-2012, where as one Tiger was killed by accident near Lohara nursery near chandrapur. A farmer was killed and eaten by tigers and her two clubs in Kawatha Kheda near Pandharkawada in yavatmal district. In Bothbahattar on outskirts of Tipeshwar sanctuary one tiger was wiretrapped on 18^th December 2011. Where as one tiger was trapped in Gosikhurd canal in Tasgaon near Bhiwapur in Nagpur district on 12 October 2011 where as it was released in Forest with collar on 27^th November 2011. One pregnant female Tiger was trapped in open canal near Kathalabodi near Kalmeshwar on 7^th February 2011 and delivered 3 dead cubs due to heavy impact. However survived female was released in Forest on 14 February 2011. In Chandrapur village of Bhandra district 1 bear was poached for genital parts on 14-04-2010 where as two blue bulls were poached in lakhani Taluka in Bhandara district by people..Five iron tiger traps were laid by poachers from katni in the FDCM Bhandara forest area which were recovered on 05-05-2007. Katni poachers are very cruel in tiger poaching. After traping tigers in iron trap they insert pointed bamboo through mouth and take it out from behind to kill it. Most of the wild life animal poaching is carried out by electrocution and poisioning waterhole with urea.

Main causes of human wild life conflict are due to natural and biological reasons. Natural reasons of wild life menace is due to sex related wild animal behavior, advance climatic conditions, biology of animals, Social and learned behavior of wild animal. Another main reason for conflict is man made which includes insufficient prey base, wild life habitat loss, poverty, increase in human & cattle population, over exploitation of Forest, illicit cutting and poaching, wrong agricultural practices. Forest cover, density, soil and moisture, biodiversity, climate is affected due to illicit felling, encroachment, fire, grazing resulting in fragmentation of forest affecting corridor for wild life. Creation of roads, railways have broken the corridor of wildlife like National Highway On national high way No. 6 in 2009 one wild boar, one sloth bear, two deers and in 2010 four wild boars died due to accidents by vehicles.Wild life corridors were broken due to roads canals and deforestations .It will cause inbreeding in wildlife and increase in of man wild life conflict. So corridor development programme should be undertaken on priority. Removal of encroachment in and around protected area is urgently needed . In 2002 encroachment of 84 ha. of land in Pench National Park and 200 ha. in Bor sanctuary were removed  durig my tenure in in wildlife divisin. After 9 years, it converted in Meadows with grass and fodder plants with development of corridors.

In Maharashtra tiger population has increased to 169 in 2010 due to good conservation and protection methods. Tiger and other wild animal population is increasing in Maharashtra as compared to other states. There is dense growth of bamboo in Tadoba. However research on increased density of forest cover and its impact on habitat of wild animal is to be studied.Moreover research should be done for modifications in wildlife management in view of change of environment,habitat and behavioural pattern of wildlife Spill over population of tigers and other animals in near about area of sanctuary, National Park create menace to human population. Commercial plantation area around Nagzira acting as buffer zone to spill over population.

There should be long term and short term measures to tackle human wild life conflict. In long term measures includes Shifting and relocation of villages from protected area, Habitat development for wild life, soil and moisture conservation, encroachment removal, grass, fodder and fruit plantations, deep trenches and stone walls around villages, solar fencing, change of crop pattern, increase in protected area up to 5% of the total Forest area. Intensive cattle management development should be implemented at large scale so that less milk producing cattle should be replaced by hybrid cattle’s and their number is limited. In lieu of decrease of non forest area of Great Indian Bustard wild life sanctuary, Nanaj in Solapur and Ahmednagar district out of total 8496 ha. another sanctuaries should be declared in Maharashtra.  Sanitation and garbage disposal around human habitation should be improved so that dogs, cattle’s, pigs are kept under control. Toilet facilities in rural area should be provided to avoid accidental encounter with wild life. Closed cattle shed should be constructed in the forest and protected area. Meadows and natural and artificial water sources should be developed on large scale. Village ecodevelopment plan should be implemented on largescale in and around the protected area to provide infrastructure development and provide jobs to locals. It will compensate the huge loss of mandays due to declaration of new sanctuaries and national parks.Rehabitation of villages in protected area should be given utmost importance .compensations to the injured ,death of human being and killing of cattles by carnivores should be paid in stipulated time.

. Awareness campaign to protect wild life importance of conservation code and conduct in forest, capacity buildings of state holders, forest officers should be carried out at root level though Pamphlets,  TV, Radio, Gramsabha, debate, rallies, work shop, appointment of wild life friend or volunteer from local communities. Compassion, mercy, love and importance of wild life, conservation attitude should be developed among masses by creating desire to conserve wild life. Behavioral science of wild life, do and don’t do in forest and wild life should be taught to the people and how to keep distance from the wild life and allow them natural space they required. Active participation of all stake holders in the planning and implementation of conflict mitigation measures and wild life management should be undertaken. Harshwardhan Dhanwate and Poonam Dhanwate of Tiger Research And Conservation Trust (TRACT) have undertaken corridor conservation programme in Chandrapur landscape. They have created network of 79 villages, in Chandrapur and Bramhapuri district and carried out capacity building of 500 villagers and forest officers for conflict mitigation and wild life management and monitoring of carnivores by tracking and camera trapping. It resulted in to sudden drop of human death by wild life conflict.

Primary response team at each village should be formed which consists of forest friends or volunteer, form local Panchayat which are trained in conflict mitigation at first instance. They will help in crowd management and emotional out burst of people on wild life attack. Emergency Response Team consists of forest officers, Veterinary doctor and five supporting members. Facilities of tranquilization gun, medicine, trapping cage, rope, pulley and ladder should be mode available to emergency response team. Setting of a central conflict mitigation command centre with 24 hours helpline facilities should be created at state level. Which directs animal rescue team and immobilization units.

So in brief Integrated approach of wild life management with changed circumstances, conflict avoidance, corridor development, soil and moisture conservation, meadow development, alternative crop pattern, strict adherence and implementation of wild life protection Act 1972, training the staff in wild life conflict management, creation of primary response team, emergency response team, central conflict mitigation command centre can mitigate human wild life conflict to certain extent & save wild life for future and conserve biodiversity and climatic change.

Welcome to ND's Forest And Environment Blog

About Me

I am Narayan Choudhari, Divisional Forest Officer, Govt. Of Maharashtra presently working in FDCM Bhandara . I am Gold Medalist in Forestry with first Merit in Maharashtra Public Service Commission. I have completed Master in Science in Zoology specialization in Physiology, Master in Law (LL. M.) in commercial Law, Doctor in yoga and naturopathy, Master in Rekie.

During my tenure as Dy. CF Wild Life Pench Division Nagpur, we removed   84 hectares of encroachment with 2000 cement building from Pench Tiger Project and 200 hectares of agricultural encroachment in Bor Sanctuary and got international World Wildlife Fund award (WWF) in 2002 at New Delhi. We seized 13 tons of antlers in Nagpur, Maharashtra, nine tigers and panther’s skin, poachers and represented the legal cases in court in absence of government pleaders. We Conducted training and workshops of Judges, police officers, revenue officers, forest officers, in forest act 1927 and Wild Life act 1972. We Conducted state level bamboo workshop and medicinal plant workshop.


I have carried out research in organic holi color and manufactured 5 tones of organic holi color with help of tribal people by using Bixa seeds, curcuma, heena, rice powder, natural scents, flower petals and patented the brand as “FAGUN” with Government of India. Organic holi colors were packed in professional handicraft paper packages.  They were sold in West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, MP, Gujarat and Maharashtra. I carried out public awareness regarding ill effects of chemical holi colors and advantages of using organic holi colors.


I have been trained as master trainer in Yoga by Janardan Swami Yoga Mandal, Nagour  and got diploma in Yoga. I imparted trainings in yoga practices to men and women in local schools at Nagpur. I advocated and gave consultation in yoga and naturopathy practices to people and use of distilled cow urine to recover the ailments of Asthma, Arthritis, and Allergy, Stomach problems, Skin diseases and cancer also.

I enjoy drawing and paintings as natural scenes, wild life paintings, portraits human beings and drawings of Gods. I got awards in tiger cub painting. 

I write articles on forest and environment, wild life, yoga and naturopathy. My various articles on same topics have been published in various leading English, Marathi and Hindi news papers and magazines. My programs on Forest and Wild Life, Environment, Fisheries were telecast on radio and television.